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Archives: Clinical Presentations

Acute Kidney Injury

75yo John presents to the hospital with a lower respiratory tract infection. His blood test show eGFR is 40 and creatinine >100. His previous blood test earlier in the year…
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Hypertension

Overview Hypertension is defined as BP ≥140/90 mmHg. Hypertension can be divided into Primary or Secondary. The main goal of treatment is to decrease the risk of mortality and of cardiovascular and renal…
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Orthostatic Hypotension

Overview Orthostatic hypotension is an important, treatable cause of dizziness, syncope and falls. Less frequently it leads to visual disruption, dyspnea on exertion, angina and even stroke. Orthostatic hypotension also known…
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Eye Trauma

History Features requiring urgent referral Contact lens wearer Previous eye surgery or refractive surgery Decreased vision Severe pain Nausea and vomiting Cloudy or opaque cornea Dendritic ulcer Hypopyon (pus in…
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Parkinson’s Presentation

Overview  Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and a wide spectrum of non-motor symptoms including sleep disorders, hyposmia, bladder and bowel dysfunction, fatigue, dementia,…
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Rash

Approach Differential Diagnosis Pruritic Non-pruritic Pityriasis rosea Roseola infantum Atopic dermatitis Scarlet fever Erythema infectiosum   Molluscum contagiosum   Tinea infection   Distribution   Roseola Infantum (Exanthema Subitum) Pityriasis Rosea…
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Altered level of Conciousness

Overview Differential diagnosis of altered level of Consciousness – AEIOUTIPS) Remember Confusion is not specific to delirium; it may be found in other psychiatric disorders, such as dementia or depression. Difference between…
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Bradycardia

Overview Differential diagnosis causing bradycardia History Examination Acute Management Investigations
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Abdominal Trauma

Overview  Abdominal trauma can result in injuries that are intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal Abdominal trauma is divided into blunt and penetrating mechanisms. Blunt abdominal trauma involves a crushing force that causes…
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