Urinary retention is the inability to voluntarily void urine. This condition can be acute or chronic. Causes of urinary retention are numerous and can be classified as obstructive, infectious and…
75yo presents with right knee pain gradually worsening over past year. Also complains of pain and stiffness around finger joints particularly in the morning.
Overview Dizziness is a broad term used by patient to describe a range of sensations that include vertigo, presyncope, imbalance sensation and light-headedness. Vertigo describes a spinning sensation but sometimes…
Overview Dysphagia, from the Greek dys (difficulty, disordered) and phagia (to eat), refers to the sensation that food is hindered in its passage from the mouth to the stomach. Dysphagia always…
Cough is a common presenting symptom in primary care. Cough is a defensive reflex mechanism that clears secretions from the upper airways of the respiratory tract; it is triggered by…
Chronic dyspnea is shortness of breath that lasts more than one month. The perception of dyspnea varies based on behavioural and physiologic responses.
Dyspnea is a subjective experience of breathing discomfort; patients experience qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity. Acute dyspnea might be secondary to an acute problem, or it might be…
Overview The most common and important cardiovascular symptom. It is also a very important symptom for the lungs and oesophagus, where the character, pattern of pain and associated symptoms differ.…
