Medical science, drawn into focus.

Personality Disorders

Quotes “I'm so good at beginnings, but in the end I always seem to destroy everything, including myself.” ―  Kiera Van Gelder “I need them to be aware and present with me in the midst of the storm, not just tell me what to do.” ―  Kiera Van Gelder Overview The term ‘personality disorder’ is frequently…

Paediatric Bacterial Cutaneous Infection

Overview Meningitis 5 year old presents with non-blanching rash, fever, headache, photophobia and neck stiffness. Aetiology Up to three months of age Group B streptococcus E-coli Listeria Three to 12 years of age Streptococcus pneumonia N. meningitidis Clinical presentation Fever Lethargy Irritability Anorexia Nausea/vomiting Photophobia Neck and back pain/rigidity Kernig sign Brudzinski sign Investigations FBC…

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Overview Hepatocellular carcinoma (also known as hepatoma ) is a primary cancer arising from hepatocytes in predominantly cirrhotic liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of death worldwide, and cirrhosis is the main risk factor. Infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C is the main cause of underlying liver disease. Prevention of chronic liver disease would greatly reduce…

Interstitial Lung Disease

Overview Interstitial Lung Disease is also known as Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD). A Heterogeneous collection of restrictive lung conditions (>100) that primarily (or at least initially) disrupt the pulmonary interstitium. Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) are grouped together as they share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical features and radiological findings. Pulmonary Interstitium: Intervening structural tissue between the alveoli space and pulmonary…

Endometriosis

A healthy 25-year-old woman presents with worsening dysmenorrhea, pain of recent onset in the left lower quadrant, and dyspareunia. She has regular menstrual cycles, and her last menstrual period was 3 weeks before presentation. She has been trying to fall pregnant over the past 10 months without success and she is becoming more concerned. Overview…

Endometrial Cancer

Overview Endometrial carcinoma is an epithelial malignancy of the uterine corpus mucosa, usually an adenocarcinoma. Endometrial carcinoma is the most common female genital tract malignancy. Postmenopausal bleeding always needs to be investigated because it can indicate malignant disorders and premalignant conditions, such as endometrial hyperplasia. The most common etiology of postmenopausal bleeding is atrophic endometritis or vaginitis. Menopause:…

Melanoma

Overview Melanoma accounts for 4 percent of all dermatological cancer. Melanoma has the highest mortality rate of all dermatological cancers, only 14 percent of patients with metastatic melanoma survive for five years. Melanoma is one of the most common cancers in young adults. Melanoma Overview Anatomy and Physiology The skin consist of three layers, from superficial…

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