Overview Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic, whole-joint disorder characterized by pain, stiffness, functional limitation and progressive structural change affecting cartilage, subchondral bone, synovium,…

Overview UCTD is a systemic autoimmune disease with features of connective tissue disease (CTD), but does not fulfill classification criteria for any specific CTD such as SLE, Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic…

Overview In this common disorder of adolescence the tibial tubercle becomes painful and ‘swollen’. Although often called osteochondritis and apophysitis, it is nothing more than a traction injury of the…

75 year old presents to emergency with a 2 day history nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. He has not been tolerating oral fluids and is currently confused with a GCS of 14. He has a past…

Overview Paracetamol overdose is a common cause of hospital presentation. Paracetamol is an analgesic and antipyretic drug used in both children and adults. Its mechanism of action is yet to be fully…

Overview Autosomal dominant disease characterised by trinucleotide repeat of CTG. Also known as Dystrophica Myotoncia the disease is causes an increase in muscle tone (Myotonia) with associated degeneration…

Author  Overview Collection of pus forming a mass in the liver as a result of infection. Mainly divided into two types Route of infection Pyogenic Liver Abscess  Can be solitary or multiple pus filled masses…

Author Overview Liver tumors are divided into Benign and Malignant. Most liver tumors are benign, asymptomatic and found incidentally on unrelated imaging. Malignant liver tumours are associated with risk…

Overview X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene, leading to failure of B-cell maturation. It results in profound…

Overview Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the WAS gene, leading to defective actin cytoskeleton regulation in hematopoietic cells. It presents…