Normal Labour Overview  Labour is the period from the onset of regular uterine contractions until expulsion of the placenta. Labour can be either: Labour can be a “true” labour or a “false” labour.…

Overview Acute liver failure is a rare but life-threatening critical illness that occurs most often in patients who do not have preexisting liver disease. Acute liver failure is seen most commonly in…

Overview Gastroenteritis continues to cause significant morbidity in developed and developing countries. The most common cause are viral and bacterial including: Gastroenteritis is usually…

Overview Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of major congenital anomalies comprising anencephaly, spina bifida and encephalocele that result from very early disruption in the development of the brain…

“To lose confidence in one’s body is to lose confidence in oneself.”― Simone de Beauvoir “Every woman knows that, regardless of all her other achievements, she is a failure if she is not beautiful.”– Germaine…

Overview Doctors and patients often experience frustration and helplessness in consultations around medically unexplained symptoms. Up to 50 percent of primary care patients present with physical symptoms…

Overview  Leukemia is a common malignancy in children and adults that occurs when alterations in normal cell regulatory processes cause uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone…

Overview Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) is a malignancy of lymphoid cells. The two main ALL is T-cells ALL and B-cells ALL. In ALL there is uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphoblasts in the…

Overview The menopause means the final menstrual period – diagnosed retrospectively after one year of amenorrhoea. Cessation occurs due to loss of ovarian function. The “declining oocyte pool” theory states that…

Overview Urinary incontinence is an important condition because it causes significant distress. Approximately 15% of the general female adult population have a significant problem with urinary…