Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques within the arterial intima, leading to vessel wall thickening and loss of elasticity. It is a major underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases, contributing to ischaemic events by narrowing or occluding arteries. A key complication is myocardial infarction, resulting from plaque rupture and subsequent thrombus formation in coronary arteries.