Overview Autosomal dominant disease characterised by trinucleotide repeat of CTG. Also known as Dystrophica Myotoncia the disease is causes an increase in muscle tone (Myotonia) with associated degeneration…

Author  Overview Collection of pus forming a mass in the liver as a result of infection. Mainly divided into two types Route of infection Pyogenic Liver Abscess  Can be solitary or multiple pus filled masses…

Author Overview Liver tumors are divided into Benign and Malignant. Most liver tumors are benign, asymptomatic and found incidentally on unrelated imaging. Malignant liver tumours are associated with risk…

Overview Nephritic syndrome is one of two clinical patterns seen in glomerular disease. Nephritic Syndrome is characterised by haematuria, proteinuria, hypertension and oligouria. Nephritic syndrome can…

Overview Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomerulus.  Glomerulonephritis is classified by clinical syndrome/presentation (e.g. nephritic or nephrotic syndrome), histological appearance , or…

Overview  The spondyloarthropathies are a diverse group of inflammatory arthritides that share certain genetic predisposing factors and clinical features. Their most characteristic feature is inflammatory…

Overview Urinary Tract infections (UTIs) in children are common and usually carry low risk. UTIs are often non-specific and can not be diagnosed on symptoms alone. A clean specimen (urine) is required for…

Overview Umbilical hernias are one of the most common surgical conditions in infants and children. In infantile umbilical hernia there is a pathological failure of obliteration of umbilical defect. Umbilical…

Overview Birth defects are the leading cause of perinatal and post- neonatal deaths, and result in substantial morbidity and disability in developed countries. There is a wide variety of mechanisms…