Clinical features of asthma such as dyspnoea, chest tightness and wheezing can mimic other respiratory conditions. It is important to take a careful history and examination and ideally demonstrate…

Summary of Hypertension Hypertension can be divided into primary (essential) and secondary hypertension (a result of an underlying condition, ie. renal artery stenosis). It is important to identify wether this…

Overview Cerebral palsy is a non-Progressive neurological disorder. Usually with significant motor component. Clinical presentation overtime changes due to increased developmental challenges.Cerebral palsy (CP)…

Overview Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common, lifelong condition that appears to be increasing in prevalence with increasing obesity, and is more common in Indigenous and southeast Asian women. PCOS is…

Overview Higher levels of cholesterol associated with worse CV outcomes. Three main types that are measured: VLDL, LDL and HDL. High LDL is associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular…

Vitals For more information: Parturition and Routine Care  NORMAL EXPECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL VALUES AT DIFFERENT AGES Age (years) Respiratory Rate Heart rate Systolic Blood Pressure  <1 30-40 110-160 70-90 1-2 25-35 100-150 80-95 2-5 25-30 95-140 80-100 5-12 20-25 80-120 90-110 >12 15-20 60-100 100-120 Oxygen…

Overview Most common complication of gallstones disease. Inflammation of the gallbladder wall associated with abdominal pain, RUQ tenderness, fever, and leukocytosis is the hallmark. Gallstone prevalence: 8%…

Overview Pericarditis is the most common form of pericardial disease and a relatively common cause of chest pain. The etiology of pericarditis may be infectious (eg, viral and bacterial) or noninfectious…

This section will mainly focus on Paediatric Epilepsy (NOT FEBRILE SEIZURES) Overview Seizures are a common occurrence in children. 8% will have at least one seizure by 15 years of age. A seizure is the result…

Overview Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation disorder due to complex interactions between inflammatory cells, mediators and airway cells. In young children in whom lung function testing is not…