Medical science, drawn into focus.

Acute Diabetes Complication (DKA, HHS, Hypoglycaemia)

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Ketoacidosis: A condition resulting from deficient insulin availability, leading to lipid oxidation and metabolism rather than glucose metabolism. The insulin absence results in free fatty acid (FFA) released from adipose tissue and in unregulated hepatic FFA oxidation and ketogenesis. Type I Diabetes:  Autoimmune disease where there is attack of beta cells of the…

Anorexia Nervosa

“ To lose confidence in one’s body is to lose confidence in oneself .” ― Simone de Beauvoir " Every woman knows that, regardless of all her other achievements, she is a failure if she is not beautiful ." – Germaine Greer Overview Eating disorders have traditionally been classified into two well-established categories. They are…

Osgood Schlatter

Overview In this common disorder of adolescence the tibial tubercle becomes painful and ‘swollen’. Although often called osteochondritis and apophysitis, it is nothing more than a traction injury of the apophysis into which part of the patellar tendon is attached. Osgood-Schaltter disease typically occurs during the early adolescent growth spurt between 10-15 years of age,…

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Overview Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is the most severe form of primary immunodeficiency, characterised by profound defects in both humoral (B-cell) and cellular (T-cell) immunity. It presents in infancy with recurrent, severe, and opportunistic infections, chronic diarrhoea, and failure to thrive. Without curative therapy, most infants die within the first year of life. Incidence is…

Takayasu Arteritis 

Overview Takayasu arteritis is a rare, chronic large-vessel vasculitis primarily affecting the aorta and its major branches, leading to stenosis, occlusion, or aneurysm formation. It most commonly affects young women (<40 years), particularly of Asian descent. The global incidence is estimated at 1–2 per million per year, with a female predominance (F:M ~9:1). It is…

Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)

Overview Atopic dermatitis is a chronic highly pruritic (itchy) inflammatory skin disease. Atopic dermatitis and eczema are often used synonymously. Atopic dermatitis primarily affect young children and is often associated with other atopic disorders, such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis has doubled or tripled in industrialised countries during the past three decades.…

Melanoma

Overview Melanoma accounts for 4 percent of all dermatological cancer. Melanoma has the highest mortality rate of all dermatological cancers, only 14 percent of patients with metastatic melanoma survive for five years. Melanoma is one of the most common cancers in young adults. Melanoma Overview Anatomy and Physiology The skin consist of three layers, from superficial…

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