Leukaemia is a group of malignancies affecting the blood and bone marrow, characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal white blood cells. It is clinically significant due to its potential to cause severe anaemia, infections, and bleeding disorders, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment. A key association is the presence of specific genetic mutations, such as the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukaemia, which can guide targeted therapies.