Overview CKD is responsible for a substantial burden of illness and premature death. The kidneys are basically not working as good. Kidney Physiology eGFR Limitations to eGFR Accurate to +/- 30% Not for use…

Overview The polycystic kidney diseases are among the most common life-threatening inherited diseases worldwide and frequently cause kidney failure. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is…

This section will mainly focus on Primary Parathyroidism Overview Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is generalised disorder calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism due to increased secretion of parathyroid…

Overview Complex chronic syndrome characterised by recurrent abdominal pain and bowel dysfunction, in the absence of a structural abnormality. It is not associated with an increase in mortality, however, it is…

Overview Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by a disturbance in consciousness and cognition. It typically presents as an acute confusional state, with inattention as its core…

Overview Interstitial Lung Disease is also known as Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD). A Heterogeneous collection of restrictive lung conditions (100) that primarily (or at least initially)…

Overview Classification WHO Classification of Primary Brain Tumors Neuroepithelial tumors Astrocytic tumors Oligodendroglial tumors Oligoastrocytic tumors Ependymal tumors Choroid plexus tumors Neuronal and…

Overview Physiological Changes in Pregnancy Uterus, Vagina and Breast Physiology changes Uterus (Cervix + Isthmus + Body of uterus) Vagina Breast Endocrine Physiology changes Pituitary Gland  Thyroid hormones…

Normal Labour Overview  Labour is the period from the onset of regular uterine contractions until expulsion of the placenta. Labour can be either: Labour can be a “true” labour or a “false” labour.…

Overview Acute liver failure is a rare but life-threatening critical illness that occurs most often in patients who do not have preexisting liver disease. Acute liver failure is seen most commonly in…